This Andean park in northern Chile has volcanoes, high-altitude lakes, and diverse wildlife. Visitors can spot vicuñas and flamingos while hiking at elevations up to 6,342 meters.
Lauca National Park sits in Chile's far north, covering an area of the Andean altiplano at elevations between 3,200 and 6,342 meters. In this high-altitude environment, you can see vicuñas grazing on the plains, spot Andean flamingos in shallow lagoons, and hike around the Payachata volcanic group. The park includes Parinacota and Pomerape volcanoes, as well as Lake Chungará, one of the world's highest lakes at 4,517 meters above sea level.
Geography of Lauca National Park
Lauca National Park spans 1,379 square kilometers in Chile's Arica y Parinacota Region, bordering Bolivia. The Andes Mountains define the landscape, with several volcanoes rising above the altiplano. Parinacota Volcano reaches 6,342 meters, while its neighbor Pomerape stands at 6,282 meters. Guallatiri Volcano, at 6,071 meters, has active fumaroles. The altiplano, or high plateau, extends across the park at an average elevation of 4,500 meters, creating a landscape of expansive plains interspersed with volcanic peaks.
Lakes and Rivers in the Park
Lake Chungará lies at the center of Lauca National Park, 4,517 meters above sea level. This volcanic lake covers 22.5 square kilometers and reaches depths of 40 meters. Nearby, you'll find the Cotacotani Lakes, a collection of smaller water bodies that form an archipelago-like landscape. The Lauca and Lluta rivers also flow through the park. These water features shape the park's geography, provide crucial habitats for local wildlife, and serve as focal points for visitors exploring the area.
Wildlife and Birdwatching Opportunities
Lauca National Park is home to over 140 bird species. Around the lakes and wetlands, you can observe Andean flamingos, giant coots, and Andean geese. Look up to spot Andean condors, with their 3-meter wingspans, circling above the volcanic peaks. The park's mammals include vicuñas, guanacos, and alpacas, all adapted to the high-altitude environment. While less common, pumas and viscachas (rabbit-like rodents) also inhabit the park.
Hiking Trails and Activities
Several trails allow you to explore Lauca National Park on foot. The Las Cuevas Trail is a 1.5-kilometer walk that takes about 35 minutes, with sights of the surrounding volcanoes. For a longer hike, try the Parinacota Trail, which extends 3.8 kilometers and takes around 65 minutes. This trail passes through typical altiplano vegetation. If you're looking for a challenge, consider the trek up Guallatiri Volcano. This 14.4-kilometer hike involves an elevation gain of 2,368 feet. Remember to acclimatize properly before attempting any strenuous activities at this altitude.
Climate and Best Times to Visit
Lauca National Park has a high desert climate with significant temperature fluctuations. During the day, temperatures typically range from 12°C to 20°C. At night, they can drop to between -3°C and -25°C. The park receives an average of 280 millimeters of precipitation annually, mostly as snow. Plan your visit between September and December for more stable weather conditions. It's best to avoid January through March, known as the "Bolivian Winter," when increased precipitation can lead to road closures.
Getting There and Accommodation
To reach Lauca National Park, fly to Chacalluta International Airport in Arica, then take a bus or rent a car for the 145-kilometer journey east on Route CH-11. You can also enter from Bolivia via the Tambo Quemado border crossing. Accommodation within the park is limited. You'll find basic hostels and refuges in the nearby town of Putre or the small village of Parinacota. Due to the high altitude, allow time for acclimatization and stay well-hydrated. Pack warm clothing, as temperatures drop significantly at night, even during summer months.
