Egypt's Mediterranean jewel, founded by Alexander the Great in 331 BC. Once home to the ancient world's largest library, now a vibrant city with Roman ruins and sandy beaches.
Alexandria, Egypt's second-largest city, stretches along the Mediterranean coast. Founded in 332 BCE by Alexander the Great, this coastal metropolis is rich with history and culture. You can climb the 15th-century Citadel of Qaitbay, browse millions of books at the modern Bibliotheca Alexandrina, or swim at one of the city's many beaches. Alexandria's unique atmosphere comes from its blend of ancient ruins, contemporary architecture, and active port life.
Alexandria's Landmarks
The Citadel of Qaitbay, a 15th-century fortress, stands on the former site of the Lighthouse of Alexandria. You can walk its sturdy walls and towers while taking in views of the Mediterranean. The Bibliotheca Alexandrina, a modern reimagining of the ancient library, houses millions of books, multiple specialized libraries, museums, and a planetarium.
Coastal Life and Beaches
Alexandria's 32-kilometer coastline includes various beaches, from public areas to private clubs. The Corniche, a waterfront promenade, runs along much of this coastline. You can walk along it, enjoying sea views and accessing many of the city's points of interest. During summer, the beaches fill with locals and tourists enjoying the Mediterranean climate and cooler temperatures compared to inland Egypt.
Food in Alexandria
Alexandria's food is influenced by its coastal location and multicultural history. You'll find plenty of fresh seafood, with local dishes including grilled fish, squid, and shrimp. Try these at the Fish Market restaurant or at seafood establishments along the Corniche. For a typical Egyptian breakfast, taste ful medames, a dish made from fava beans.
Transportation in Alexandria
Alexandria has an extensive public transportation system, including one of Africa's oldest tram networks. Taxis are common, but be prepared to negotiate fares as drivers often ignore meters. For a more local experience, use the minibuses that run along set routes throughout the city. If you're coming from Cairo, consider taking the train - it's a three-hour journey with regular departures.
When to Visit
Alexandria has a Mediterranean climate, with warm summers and mild winters. From March to May and September to November, temperatures are moderate and there are fewer tourists. June to August is the busiest tourist season, with warm weather ideal for beach activities. December to February can be cool and rainy, offering a different perspective on the city with fewer visitors.
Alexandria Through Time
Alexander the Great founded Alexandria in 332 BCE as a new capital for his Egyptian territories. The city became a major center of Hellenistic culture and learning, home to the famous Library of Alexandria and the Lighthouse of Pharos, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. After a period of decline, Alexandria changed significantly in the 19th century under Muhammad Ali Pasha, who modernized the city and revitalized its port. Today, Alexandria continues to be an important economic and cultural center, balancing its historical sites with ongoing urban development.
