Aleppo

Aleppo, one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world, sits at a crossroads of ancient trade routes in northern Syria. You'll find a massive stone citadel towering over the city, walk through winding covered souqs, and explore buildings from Roman, Byzantine, and Ottoman periods. While Aleppo has suffered significant damage in recent conflicts, restoration work continues in the UNESCO World Heritage old city to revive its cultural legacy.

Exploring the Citadel of Aleppo

The Citadel of Aleppo dominates the city skyline, rising 50 meters above the surrounding area on a partially artificial hill. This massive fortification has origins dating back to the 3rd millennium BC, though most of the current structures are from the 13th century Ayyubid period. When you climb to the top, you'll see panoramic views over the old city. Inside the citadel walls, you'll find the remains of a great mosque, palace complex, and hammam (bathhouse). The entrance bridge and gateway showcase impressive examples of medieval military architecture. While the citadel sustained damage during recent conflicts, restoration work continues to preserve this iconic landmark.

Wandering the Ancient Souqs

Before recent damage, Aleppo contained the largest covered market in the world, with over 13 kilometers of winding alleyways. The Al-Madina Souq formed the commercial heart of the old city for centuries. Today, you can explore sections that have reopened, like parts of the Khan al-Nahhaseen (coppersmiths' market). You'll find traditional crafts and local specialties like Aleppo soap and laurel oil. The souq area contains several historic khans (caravanserais) that once hosted traveling merchants, such as the 15th century Khan al-Qadi. Restoration efforts are gradually bringing more of the market back to life.

Historical Significance of Aleppo

People have lived in Aleppo since the 6th millennium BC. The city became an important stop on the Silk Road, connecting traders from the Mediterranean and the East. Over the centuries, the Hittites, Assyrians, Greeks, Romans, and Ottomans controlled Aleppo. These civilizations influenced the city's culture and built structures that still stand today. During the medieval period, Aleppo was an important center of Muslim resistance against the Crusaders. The city reached its peak under Ayyubid rule in the 12th-13th centuries, when rulers constructed many of its most famous monuments.

Getting Around Aleppo

Aleppo has a public transportation network of buses and minibuses, though reconstruction efforts affect the frequency and routes of service. Taxis are widely available and are generally an affordable option for getting around. Many of the main sights in the old city are within walking distance of each other. When exploring on foot, be aware that some areas sustained heavy damage and may have safety hazards - stick to well-traveled routes and heed any local warnings or restrictions. For trips outside the city, use Aleppo International Airport, located about 10 km east of the center.

A Taste of Aleppo's Cuisine

Aleppo's culinary traditions reflect its location along ancient trade routes, combining elements from Turkish, Armenian, and Arab cooking. The city's chefs use a variety of spices, especially the local red pepper flakes known as Aleppo pepper. You can try regional specialties like kibbeh (bulgur and meat croquettes), muhammara (red pepper and walnut dip), or cherry kebab. Aleppo's pistachios are a local favorite, and you'll find a distinctive variety of kebab flavored with cherries or quince. While many restaurants closed during recent conflicts, eateries are gradually reopening in safer parts of the city.