This UNESCO site sits at the junction of tectonic plates, with deep fissures and clear waters. Home to the world's oldest parliament, it's rich in geology and history.
Þingvellir National Park in Iceland lies at the junction of two tectonic plates, creating a landscape of rifts and fissures. This UNESCO World Heritage Site was the location of the world's oldest parliament. At Þingvellir, you can walk between the North American and Eurasian continents, dive in the crystal-clear Silfra fissure, hike to the Öxarárfoss waterfall, or fish for Arctic char in Lake Þingvallavatn. The park is within an hour's drive from Reykjavík, making it easily accessible for visitors.
Geological Features at Þingvellir
At Þingvellir, you'll witness the separation of the North American and Eurasian tectonic plates. The plates drift apart by about 2 cm each year, creating deep fissures in the earth. Walk through Almannagjá gorge to observe this geological process. The rift valley formed by this continental drift contains clear spring water and lava rock, supporting a distinct ecosystem.
Diving and Snorkeling in Silfra
The Silfra fissure in Þingvellir allows for an extraordinary diving experience. This water-filled crack between tectonic plates has exceptionally clear water, with visibility exceeding 100 meters. The water, filtered through lava rock for decades, maintains a constant temperature of 2-4°C year-round. When you snorkel or dive here, you'll see colorful algae-covered rocks and experience the intense blue hue of the water.
Hiking Trails and Natural Features
Þingvellir has several hiking trails that traverse its landscape. The Öxarárfoss Trail leads to a 20-meter high waterfall cascading over dark lava cliffs. For a longer hike, try the 7 km Execution Trail, which passes through historic sites and provides views of Lake Þingvallavatn. In autumn, the park's vegetation turns golden, contrasting with the dark lava rocks.
Fishing in Lake Þingvallavatn
Lake Þingvallavatn, Iceland's largest natural lake, contains four types of Arctic char found nowhere else in the world. You can also catch brown trout here, including some of the largest specimens in Iceland. To fish in the lake, purchase a permit at the visitor center.
Historical Significance of Þingvellir
Þingvellir played a crucial role in Iceland's early history. In 930 AD, Viking settlers established the Alþingi, the world's oldest parliament, at this site. For centuries, Icelanders gathered here annually to create laws and settle disputes. The park contains ruins and structures from various periods, including the Þingvellir Church, built in the 19th century. In 2004, UNESCO designated Þingvellir a World Heritage Site due to its historical importance.
Visiting Þingvellir National Park
Þingvellir is located about 45 km northeast of Reykjavík. You can reach it by car in about 45 minutes via Route 36. There's no public transportation to the park, but many tour companies operate day trips from Reykjavík. The park is open 24/7 and entry is free, but there's a fee for parking. Begin your visit at the Hakið Visitor Centre to learn about the park's geology and history through interactive exhibits.
