San Petronio

San Petronio in Bologna, Italy, is one of the largest churches in the world. Construction began in 1390, and its unfinished façade hints at its intriguing history. Inside, the church features striking frescoes by Giovanni da Modena and a meridian line created by the astronomer Giovanni Domenico Cassini.

Architecture

The church's Gothic design can be seen in elements such as the enormous nave and vaulted ceilings. Although construction began in 1390, the church remains unfinished, particularly its façade, which presents a mix of different architectural styles due to interruptions over the centuries. The project was intended to rival St. Peter’s Basilica in Rome, which underscores Bologna’s medieval ambitions.

Notable Artworks and Frescoes

Inside, the church is home to important works of art. Among these, notable frescoes by Giovanni da Modena grace the Bolognini Chapel. These frescoes depict scenes from the Old and New Testaments, as well as an imaginative vision of hell inspired by Dante’s Divine Comedy. Additionally, Jacopo di Paolo’s work in the Chapel of the Magi includes scenes of exorcisms and miracles.

The Sundial and Astronomical Meridians

One of the unique features of San Petronio is its meridian line. Created by the astronomer Giovanni Domenico Cassini in 1655, this sundial is the longest indoor meridian line in the world, measuring 67 meters. It marks solar noon and various astronomical events across the year, and provides insights into scientific achievements during the Renaissance period.

Visiting Hours and Admission

San Petronio is open to visitors most days, although exact hours can fluctuate based on liturgical events. Entry to the main church is generally free, but there may be charges for access to certain chapels and the terrace, which offers panoramic views over Bologna. Photography is allowed but restricted in some areas.

Nearby Attractions and Local Dining Options

After visiting San Petronio, several nearby attractions are worth exploring. Piazza Maggiore, Bologna’s central square, is just outside and features other important buildings like the Palazzo dei Banchi and Fountain of Neptune. For local dining, head to the Quadrilatero area, where you can find traditional Bolognese cuisine in small trattorias and delis. Dishes like tagliatelle al ragù and tortellini are local staples worth trying.