Located in central Myanmar, this city is known for its golden pagodas, ancient monasteries, and vibrant markets. Monks chant in ornate temples while traditional crafts thrive along the Irrawaddy River.
Mandalay, Myanmar's second largest city, sits along the Irrawaddy River in the heart of the country. As the last royal capital before British colonization, Mandalay contains remnants of its regal past, such as the reconstructed royal palace and teak monasteries. You can climb Mandalay Hill for views of the city, watch artisans craft gold leaf and marble Buddhas, or attend a traditional puppet show. The city also serves as a starting point for exploring the ancient capitals and Buddhist sites of central Myanmar.
Buddhist Sites and Rituals
Buddhism plays a central role in daily life in Mandalay. Each morning, you'll encounter monks in burgundy robes collecting alms, and you can observe pilgrims applying gold leaf to Buddha statues. At Mahamuni Buddha Temple, crowds gather around the 13-foot tall seated Buddha image, which has become uneven from centuries of gold leaf application. Kuthodaw Pagoda, at the foot of Mandalay Hill, houses what some call the "world's largest book" - 729 marble slabs inscribed with Buddhist scriptures. For panoramic views over the city's gilded stupas at sunset, climb Mandalay Hill.
Traditional Crafts and Markets
Mandalay is known for its traditional Burmese handicrafts. You can watch artisans pound gold leaf into tissue-thin sheets, carve teak, or weave silk longyi (sarongs). The jade market displays the trade of Myanmar's famous stone. Zegyo Market, the city's largest, offers a wide range of goods from produce to lacquerware. In the evening, attend a performance by the Moustache Brothers, comedians who blend slapstick with political satire.
Exploring Mandalay's Royal Heritage
King Mindon founded Mandalay in 1857 as the new royal capital of the Konbaung Dynasty. While much of the original palace was destroyed in World War II, you can explore a reconstructed version within the old citadel walls. The complex demonstrates the scale of the former royal residence. The Lion Throne room and watchtower provide elevated views of the city. Outside the palace, remnants of royal Mandalay remain in teak monasteries like the intricately carved Shwenandaw Monastery, once part of the royal apartments.
Day Trips from Mandalay
Several interesting sites are within easy reach of Mandalay. Cross the 1.2 km U Bein Bridge, considered the world's longest teak bridge, at sunset when it's silhouetted against the sky. Visit the unfinished Mingun Pagoda and the world's largest intact bronze bell nearby. The ancient capitals of Amarapura, Sagaing, and Inwa each have their own architectural treasures. The hills around Pyin Oo Lwin, a former British hill station, offer hiking trails.
When to Visit and Getting Around
The dry season from November to February has cooler temperatures. March to May sees increasing heat, while June to October brings monsoon rains. Within the city, many visitors rent bicycles to navigate the flat grid of streets. For longer trips, hire a taxi or trishaw. Mandalay's airport has domestic and some international connections. You can also reach the city by bus or boat along the Irrawaddy River from Bagan.
