Temple of Literature

The Temple of Literature in Hanoi is a testament to Vietnam's commitment to scholarship and education. Founded in 1070, it initially served as a university dedicated to Confucius, scholars, and sages. The well-preserved complex consists of five courtyards, beautiful gardens, and richly decorated altars and pavilions. Visitors can also see the stone steles mounted on the backs of turtles, which list the names of those who passed the imperial examinations. The Temple of Literature remains a symbol of learning and a historical site that provides insight into Vietnam's educational heritage.

Architectural Features

The Temple of Literature's architecture is a central aspect that attracts visitors. As you walk through the complex, the alignment of its structures, from the Van Lake and the Great Middle Gate to the Khue Van Pavilion, reflects traditional Vietnamese design and Confucian symmetry. Notably, the Khue Van Pavilion, featuring an elegant two-story structure and an iconic red and gold façade, serves as a recognizable symbol of Hanoi. The pavilions, altars, and roofs throughout the Temple are adorned with intricate details that are characteristic of classical Vietnamese architecture.

The Imperial Academy History

Within the third courtyard of the complex, you'll find the former site of the Imperial Academy, Vietnam's first national university. It was established in 1076 for training civil servants for the empire—a clear signifier of the value placed on education and administration in historical Vietnam. The Academy operated for hundreds of years and has left a significant mark on the country's scholastic and governmental formation.

Doctoral Steles

An attraction not to miss is the collection of 82 doctoral steles found in the third courtyard. These stone tablets recognize the names of individuals who succeeded in the rigorous royal exams and are perched upon stone tortoises, creatures symbolizing longevity and wisdom. The steles are not only a tribute to academic achievement but also provide historians with valuable information regarding education, culture, and sculpture in Vietnam.

Understanding the Layout and Symbolism

Navigating through the Temple, visitors can appreciate its five courtyards, each designed with distinct symbolism and intended for different functions. Starting with the first courtyard, known as the 'Gateway to Learning', and moving all the way to the fifth, which housed the Imperial Academy, guests embark on a journey that symbolically traces a student's path through learning and enlightenment. Paying attention to the harmony in layout represents an exercise in understanding Confucian philosophy as well.

Seasonal Events and Ceremonies

Timing your visit to coincide with cultural events at the Temple can be rewarding. One prominent occasion to observe is Vietnamese Teachers' Day when students come to pay respects to their teachers in a demonstration of Vietnam's long-standing veneration for educators. Various cultural and literary events also take place within the Temple grounds throughout the year, offering visitors a glimpse into traditional and contemporary Vietnamese customs.

Visitor Information

For those planning to visit, the Temple of Literature is typically open from 8:30 AM to 5:30 PM, but it's advisable to verify current operating hours in advance. There is a small entrance fee to access the complex. To avoid the crowds and experience a more tranquil atmosphere, consider visiting early in the morning or late in the afternoon.

Cultural Influence

Even beyond its historical significance, the Temple of Literature has influenced contemporary Vietnamese culture in numerous ways, serving as inspiration for various artworks and being a central point in discussions about education and history in Vietnam. As such, it is not uncommon to witness students aspiring for scholarly success visit the Temple for motivation and good fortune.

Navigating the Temple Complex

Accessibility throughout the Temple is facilitated by clear pathways and signage. Visitors can explore independently or opt for a guided tour to gain deeper insight into each structure's history and purpose. The temple is also wheelchair accessible, ensuring that this significant cultural landmark is available for all to experience.