Built on hills above the Aegean Sea, this harbor city has a 6th-century fortress, ancient ruins, and two museums displaying local artifacts from Greek antiquity.
Mytilene, the capital of Lesvos island, stretches between two harbors, with a medieval castle rising above its 30,000 residents. Walk through streets lined with neoclassical mansions from the 1850s, stop at the Yeni Mosque with its 40-meter minaret, or explore the ancient theater that once held 10,000 spectators. The city's markets sell fresh-caught fish and local ouzo, while the Theophilos Museum displays 86 paintings depicting daily island life from the early 1900s.
Getting Around Mytilene's Two Harbors
The south harbor functions as the main port, with a marina and ferry terminal connecting to mainland Greece and nearby islands. The north harbor has fishing boats and waterfront tavernas serving fresh seafood. Walk between both harbors along Ermou Street, where local shops and cafes line the main shopping route through the city center.
Exploring the Medieval Castle
The Mytilene Castle spans 60 acres on the peninsula's highest point, making it one of the largest fortifications in the Mediterranean. Built during the Byzantine era, the Gattelusi family expanded it in the 14th century. Walk through preserved walls, towers, and underground water cisterns. Local musicians and theater groups perform here during summer evenings.
Markets and Local Specialties
In the covered market (Agora), fishmongers display their morning catch while vendors sell vegetables and regional products. Visit the historic Matis Ouzo factory, producing its signature anise-flavored drink since 1920. The surrounding streets have small shops selling sheep's milk cheese, pine honey, and olive oil from local groves.
Museums and Ancient Sites
The Archaeological Museum occupies two buildings with exhibits ranging from neolithic tools to Roman artifacts. See intricate villa mosaics, gold jewelry, and ancient ceramics. In the Varia district, the Theophilos Museum exhibits paintings of island life from the early 20th century. The Hellenistic-era theater sits on a hillside, its stone seating and stage area still visible today.
Student Life and Modern Culture
Students from the University of the Aegean fill cafes and bars around both harbors. The university's hilltop campus houses social sciences and environmental studies departments. During academic terms, the north harbor area becomes particularly active in the evenings as students gather at traditional ouzeries and bars.
Religious Architecture
The Church of Agios Therapon stands out for its 1860s baroque design and painted interior. The Yeni Mosque, from 1825, has a distinctive minaret and former religious school (medrese). Near Agios Therapon, the Byzantine Museum displays religious artifacts and icons collected from medieval churches across Lesvos.
